GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT SPITSBERGEN
Flora & Fauna
With its rugged mountains, sweeping tundra, ice-caps and
glaciers, Spitsbergen is a true high-Arctic archipelago, and only 1000
kilometres (600 miles) from the North Pole. Spitsbergen is still today a
virtually unspoilt wilderness with abundant wildlife. This wildlife was
once a huge draw for whalers and trappers, but now discerning visitors
are discovering the attractions of huge Arctic seabird colonies and the
chance to enjoy and photograph species such as walrus, the indigenous
Svalbard Reindeer, Arctic Fox and, of course, Polar Bear. Several whale
species, such as the magnificent Beluga, Minke Whale and Fin Whale, are
also found in the waters surrounding Spitsbergen.
The huge bird cliffs along the Spitsbergen coasts are a major
attraction. Spitsbergen is a breeding ground for large numbers of
guillemots such as the Brunnich\'s and the Black Guillemot. Other bird
species such as Atlantic Puffin, Little Auk, Northern Fulmar and
kittiwake can also be found on or around the cliffs, while the Arctic
Tern, Ringed Plover, Purple Sandpiper and four species of skua prefer
the tundra. On top of the list of many birders are the rarely seen,
elusive gulls - Ivory, Sabine\'s and Ross\'s.
The west coast
The west coast of Spitsbergen, with its deep fjords and
towering glaciers that calve with a thundering noise, its sharp
mountains (1000+ meters, 3000+ feet) in the north and the south and its
lush tundra full of flowers has a lot to offer to wildlife lovers and
hikers. Due to the warming influence of the Gulf Stream temperatures on
the west coast are relatively high. Spitsbergen therefore has an Arctic
flora and fauna. In the far north-east, where the Gulf Stream is much
less strong, it is High Arctic. There is an amazing variety of plants,
164 species of flowering plants having been identified. The fauna is
also abundant. Huge bird cliffs with tens of thousands of kittiwakes and
guillemots, and lush tundra with Svalbard Reindeer and Arctic Foxes.
The coastal seas are abundant with several seal species such as the
Bearded and Ringed. In several areas walruses can be found, hauling out
on ice-floes or on beaches. And Polar Bears are frequent visitors to the
west coast.
The north-east coast
The north-east coast of Spitsbergen has a different topography
to its west coast. Less sharp, more rounded hills, consisting of softer
sediments. Without the warming effect of the Gulf Stream the glaciers
and ice-caps have become considerably larger. The landscape is more
barren and empty: this is the real High Arctic. Here the pack- ice keeps
the adjacent seas in an icy grip for more than 6 months of the year.
There is almost no lush tundra, often just barren rock. Yet, amazingly,
there is still life here, sometimes even abundant life, due to the rich
seas that provide food for birds and sea mammals. Elusive Arctic species
such as Ivory gull, walrus, Polar Bear and Beluga can frequently be
seen here. The south-east coast The south-east coast of Spitsbergen is
rather mild compared to the north-east. Here you can find
table-mountains with small ice-caps and green valleys full of reindeer.
Whalebones thousands of years old litter the beaches, bird cliffs are
crowded with birds and there are good chances of seeing walruses and
Polar Bears. This area has been an important hunting ground for Russian
and Norwegian trappers who went after walruses, Arctic Foxes and Polar
Bears. Remains of their settlements and huts can be found here.
.
Frequently visited places
Frequently visited places on Spitsbergen's west coast are (from south to north):
(For more detailed information on our programmes, please see the itineraries section)
• Hornsund. An Antarctica-like fjord with jagged mountains and huge
glacier fronts. Good chances of seeing Brunnich\'s Guillemot, Arctic
Fox, Polar Bear and Beluga.
• The lush Bellsund with its evidence of ancient and modern whaling and
hunting. Good chances of seeing Little Auk, reindeer, Polar Bear, Beluga
and Minke Whale.
• Isfjord, with Longyearbyen and the Russian mining settlement
Barentsburg, and its vast tundra and abundant reindeer population. Good
chances of seeing Atlantic Puffin, geese, skua, Svalbard Reindeer,
Arctic Fox, Beluga.
• The majestic Kongs and Kross Fjord, with the settlement of Ny-Ålesund
and the Tre Kroner (typical pyramid shaped peaks, also called nunataks,
that stick out of the ice-cap). Fjords with great hiking opportunities,
evidence of daring mining adventures, beautiful glacier fronts and
overcrowded bird cliffs. Good chances of seeing guillemot, kittiwake,
skua, puffin, Ivory Gull, geese, Svalbard Reindeer and Arctic Fox.
• Magdalena Fjord, famous for the steep mountains that surround this
frequently visited fjord. Good chances of seeing Little Auk, Ivory Gull,
Bearded Seal and Polar Bear.
• Liefdefjord, a deep fjord in the far north-west. It is appropriately
named after a Dutch whaling ship with the name \"Love\", as it has a
remarkable red colour due to red sedimentary sandstones. Great scenery
and large glacier fronts. Good chances of seeing lots of bird life,
Bearded Seals, Polar Bear, Minke Whale and Beluga.
Frequently visited places on the north-east of Spitsbergen are:
(For more detailed information on our programmes, please see the itineraries section)
• Nordaustlandet (North-East Land) is the biggest island in the far
north of Spitsbergen. Most of its surface is covered by a huge ice-cap.
The ice-front of this ice-cap extends along the coast for about 150
kilometres. Nordaustlandet is completely uninhabited and is a nature
reserve. In the coastal regions of Nordaustlandet and its adjoining
islands there is a great deal of Arctic wildlife. Here you can
experience the real High Arctic, but with good chances of seeing Ivory
Gulls, Arctic Foxes, Bearded Seals, Ringed Seals, walruses, Polar Bears,
Minke Whales and Belugas.
• Sjuøyane (the Seven Islands) are located at latitude 80º 49\' North
and are as far north as you can get in Europe. Here you are about a 1000
kilometres (600 miles) north of the famous Norwegian Nordkapp, which is
often seen as the most northerly point of Europe. These rocky, barren
islands do have a lot to offer besides having the real \"Nordkapp\". It
is a wild place with amazing scenery and high chances of seeing walruses
and Polar Bears.
• Hinlopen Strait. A beautiful sea strait between Nordaustlandet and the
main island of Spitsbergen. For the Around-Spitsbergen Expeditions
Hinlopen Strait is sometimes a bottleneck because of the pack-ice which
can clog up in the strait. On the pack-ice and around the islands in the
strait there are good chances of seeing Polar Bears, walruses and
whales. Even the elusive Bowhead Whale is sometimes seen here.
Frequently visited places in the south-east of Spitsbergen are:
(For more detailed information on our programmes, please see the itineraries section)
• Barentsøya was named after the Dutch navigator Willem Barentsz. The
island is situated south-east of the main island and is separated from
it by a couple of narrow sounds, including the spectacular Heleysundet.
About 100 kilometres (60 miles) to the east of Barentsøya are the Kong
Karls Islands. These islands, which are closed of for visitors, are main
denning areas for Polar Bears. The pack-ice delivers large numbers of
bears from the Kong Karls Islands to Barentsøya and also to Edgeøya.
That is why these islands are particularly good for spotting Polar
Bears. Besides Polar Bears there are also good chances of seeing many
bird species, as well as Arctic Foxes, reindeer and Belugas.
• Edgeøya is the third largest island of Spitsbergen. The large variety
of landscapes makes Edgeøya very interesting place to visit. Canyons
full of birds, thousands of years old whalebones on beeches, green
tundra with herds of Svalbard Reindeer, remains of Russian settlements
and beeches where walruses haul out. Good chances of seeing Arctic
Foxes, Polar Bears, walruses, Belugas and Fin Whales.